How fracking caused an Ohio earthquake – CSMonitor.com

How fracking caused an Ohio earthquake – CSMonitor.com.

Youngstown Injection Well Stays Shut After Earthquake – NYTimes.com

Youngstown Injection Well Stays Shut After Earthquake – NYTimes.com.

New Concerns Over Hydraulic Fracturing | The Diane Rehm Show from WAMU and NPR

New Concerns Over Hydraulic Fracturing | The Diane Rehm Show from WAMU and NPR.

Some Blame Hydraulic Fracturing for Earthquake Epidemic – NYTimes.com

Some Blame Hydraulic Fracturing for Earthquake Epidemic – NYTimes.com.

Method predicts size of fracking earthquakes : Nature News & Comment

Method predicts size of fracking earthquakes : Nature News & Comment.

USGS scientist: ‘We’re only starting to learn’ about fracking, fluid injection, earthquakes | The Colorado Independent

USGS scientist: ‘We’re only starting to learn’ about fracking, fluid injection, earthquakes | The Colorado Independent.

The Marcellus Effect: Oklahoma Earthquakes Raise Fracking Questions

The Marcellus Effect: Oklahoma Earthquakes Raise Fracking Questions.

Arkansas commission votes to shut down natural gas drilling wastewater wells | syracuse.com

Arkansas commission votes to shut down natural gas drilling wastewater wells | syracuse.com.

Arkansas commission votes to shut down natural gas drilling wastewater wells

Published: Wednesday, July 27, 2011, 7:32 PM     Updated: Wednesday, July 27, 2011, 11:29 PM

EL DORADO, Ark. (AP) — The Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission voted Wednesday to close a well that’s used to dispose of natural gas fluids and ban others from being drilled in a gas-rich area north of Conway where hundreds of earthquakes have struck.

Commissioners voted 6-0 to close a disposal well between Greenbrier and Enola that’s operated by Deep-Six Water Disposal Services, a subsidiary of Oklahoma City-based Hurst Oil Investments Inc., the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reported.

The moratorium would not affect the drilling of natural gas wells, but it would change how fluids from the process are disposed.

Gas companies have tapped reserves of natural gas in the Fayetteville Shale in central Arkansas by injecting water and chemicals under high pressure to fracture the shale, a process known as hydrofracking. Those fluids are injected into separate wells for disposal.

With a moratorium, companies would have to use trucks to get the fluids to injection wells elsewhere in Arkansas or in Oklahoma or Texas, Commission Deputy Director Shane Khoury said before Wednesday’s vote.

The commission pinpointed four wells in central Arkansas that it said needed to be closed. Companies operating three of the wells agreed to close them voluntarily by Sept. 30. Deep-Six, which operates the fourth, says its disposal well doesn’t cause any seismic activity, the Democrat-Gazette reported.

Haydar al-Shukri, director of the Arkansas Earthquake Center at the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, testified Wednesday that his testing recorded nearly 10,000 small seismic events near the Deep-Six well. Most were too small for humans to notice.

Only 280 of those seismic events happened within three miles of the well, a sign that the well wasn’t the cause of most of them, al-Shukri said. “Because of this, I believe at this point, with this data, that there is no correlation,” al-Shukri said.

But Commissioner Mike Davis said the commission had to act to close the well after hearing two days of testimony on whether the injection of fluids was causing earthquakes. A magnitude-4.7 earthquake in February near Greenbrier was the most powerful to hit the state in 35 years. “Our first and foremost obligation is to the safety of the citizens of the state of Arkansas,” Davis said.

And commission director Lawrence Bengal said the Deep-Six well was within the “geologic fabric” of the region and could contribute to earthquakes near Guy and Greenbrier even if the well was several miles from the fault.

“As director, it is not my desire to permit another Guy-Greenbrier swarm to occur,” Bengal said. “I have made my recommendation on a proactive effort in the case of Deep-Six that that not be allowed to occur.”


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Ark. considers ban on injection wells (Wednesday, June 22, 2011)

An E&E Publishing Service

OIL AND GAS: Ark. considers ban on injection wells  (Wednesday, June 22, 2011)

State regulators recommended yesterday that the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission implement a permanent ban on deep wells that are used to dispose of natural gas drilling fluids in an area north of Little Rock that has seen a swarm of recent earthquakes.
Two wells were shut down in February under an agreement between the well owners and the commission. Two others will have to stop operating if the commission approves the regulation at a July 26 hearing.
The ban would not stop natural gas drilling in central Arkansas’ Fayetteville Shale. Hydraulic fracturing can continue, but the millions of gallons of fracking fluid used in the 1,150-square-mile region would have to be trucked to injection wells elsewhere in Arkansas, or in Oklahoma or Texas, Commission Deputy Director Shane Khoury said.
Khoury said the commission worked with the Arkansas Geological Survey and the Center for Earthquake Research and Information at the University of Arkansas, Little Rock, before making the recommendation.
“This is similar to pending litigation — I can’t go into a lot of details. But based on our analysis … this is the correct and warranted regulatory response,” Khoury said.
Before the two wells stopped operating this spring, there were 85 earthquakes with a magnitude 2.5 or higher. Since then, there have been fewer quakes — 20 in the 18 days following the shutdown, according to the state Geological Survey.
Mickey Thompson, a partner in Clarita Operating LLC of Little Rock, said yesterday that earthquake swarms are a natural occurrence and that there is no reason to support the ban.
“We feel like the decision has been made and that we’ve been denied our due process,” said Thompson, whose oil and gas service company operates a well in the zone under the proposed ban. “We were believing there was actually going to be a scientific study and a scientific presentation, not a hunt for a political scapegoat.”
The commission will also recommend rules that would require setbacks from fault zones in other areas of the state, spacing between disposal wells, and the installation of seismic instruments near new or existing injection wells in the Fayetteville Shale region (Chuck Bartels, AP/FuelFix <http://fuelfix.com/blog/2011/06/22/arkansas-regulators-seek-ban-on-injection-wells-in-fayetteville-shale/> , June 22). — AS

BBC News – Blackpool Shale Gas drilling suspended after quake

BBC News – Blackpool Shale Gas drilling suspended after quake.

Blackpool Shale Gas drilling suspended after quake

Shale gas drilling Shale gas drilling is controversial

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Shale gas test drilling in Lancashire has been suspended following an earthquake on the Fylde coast.

A spokeswoman for Cuadrilla, the company carrying out the tests, said drilling was suspended as a precaution after Friday’s 1.5 magnitude quake.

“No fracking will be resumed until the data has been interpreted by ourselves in consultations with the British Geological Survey (BGS),” she added.

On 1 April a 2.2 magnitude tremor also centred on Poulton-le-Fylde.

Shale gas drilling, known as “fracking”, involves shattering hard shale rocks underground to release gas using either hydraulic pressure or tiny explosions.

It has proved a controversial process in the US with environmentalists alleging that shale gas leaking into their drinking supply causes tap water to ignite.

But earlier this month the Commons energy select committee called on ministers to support the process in the UK arguing that environmental problems associated with it in the US could be overcome by tight regulation and good industry practice.

‘Quake risk’The BGS said it was also monitoring fracking as a precaution. There have been two small earthquakes in Lancashire since fracking began in the county in March.

In an analysis of the April quake published on its website the BGS said: “Any process that injects pressurised water into rocks at depth will cause the rock to fracture and possibly produce earthquakes.

“It is well known that injection of water or other fluids during the oil extraction and geothermal engineering, such as Shale gas, processes can result in earthquake activity.”

The BGS said the April tremor took place 1.2 miles (2km) away from the drilling site but said its monitoring instruments were 50 miles (80km) away.

“Instrumentation much closer to the site, as well as a detailed record of dates and times of injection are required to identify any relationship between the injection process and any seismic activity in future,” the BGS said.

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