How fracking caused an Ohio earthquake – CSMonitor.com
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July 28, 2011
Arkansas commission votes to shut down natural gas drilling wastewater wells | syracuse.com.
EL DORADO, Ark. (AP) — The Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission voted Wednesday to close a well that’s used to dispose of natural gas fluids and ban others from being drilled in a gas-rich area north of Conway where hundreds of earthquakes have struck.
Commissioners voted 6-0 to close a disposal well between Greenbrier and Enola that’s operated by Deep-Six Water Disposal Services, a subsidiary of Oklahoma City-based Hurst Oil Investments Inc., the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette reported.
The moratorium would not affect the drilling of natural gas wells, but it would change how fluids from the process are disposed.
Gas companies have tapped reserves of natural gas in the Fayetteville Shale in central Arkansas by injecting water and chemicals under high pressure to fracture the shale, a process known as hydrofracking. Those fluids are injected into separate wells for disposal.
With a moratorium, companies would have to use trucks to get the fluids to injection wells elsewhere in Arkansas or in Oklahoma or Texas, Commission Deputy Director Shane Khoury said before Wednesday’s vote.
The commission pinpointed four wells in central Arkansas that it said needed to be closed. Companies operating three of the wells agreed to close them voluntarily by Sept. 30. Deep-Six, which operates the fourth, says its disposal well doesn’t cause any seismic activity, the Democrat-Gazette reported.
Haydar al-Shukri, director of the Arkansas Earthquake Center at the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, testified Wednesday that his testing recorded nearly 10,000 small seismic events near the Deep-Six well. Most were too small for humans to notice.
Only 280 of those seismic events happened within three miles of the well, a sign that the well wasn’t the cause of most of them, al-Shukri said. “Because of this, I believe at this point, with this data, that there is no correlation,” al-Shukri said.
But Commissioner Mike Davis said the commission had to act to close the well after hearing two days of testimony on whether the injection of fluids was causing earthquakes. A magnitude-4.7 earthquake in February near Greenbrier was the most powerful to hit the state in 35 years. “Our first and foremost obligation is to the safety of the citizens of the state of Arkansas,” Davis said.
And commission director Lawrence Bengal said the Deep-Six well was within the “geologic fabric” of the region and could contribute to earthquakes near Guy and Greenbrier even if the well was several miles from the fault.
“As director, it is not my desire to permit another Guy-Greenbrier swarm to occur,” Bengal said. “I have made my recommendation on a proactive effort in the case of Deep-Six that that not be allowed to occur.”
June 22, 2011
May 31, 2011
BBC News – Blackpool Shale Gas drilling suspended after quake.
Shale gas test drilling in Lancashire has been suspended following an earthquake on the Fylde coast.
A spokeswoman for Cuadrilla, the company carrying out the tests, said drilling was suspended as a precaution after Friday’s 1.5 magnitude quake.
“No fracking will be resumed until the data has been interpreted by ourselves in consultations with the British Geological Survey (BGS),” she added.
On 1 April a 2.2 magnitude tremor also centred on Poulton-le-Fylde.
Shale gas drilling, known as “fracking”, involves shattering hard shale rocks underground to release gas using either hydraulic pressure or tiny explosions.
It has proved a controversial process in the US with environmentalists alleging that shale gas leaking into their drinking supply causes tap water to ignite.
But earlier this month the Commons energy select committee called on ministers to support the process in the UK arguing that environmental problems associated with it in the US could be overcome by tight regulation and good industry practice.
‘Quake risk’The BGS said it was also monitoring fracking as a precaution. There have been two small earthquakes in Lancashire since fracking began in the county in March.
In an analysis of the April quake published on its website the BGS said: “Any process that injects pressurised water into rocks at depth will cause the rock to fracture and possibly produce earthquakes.
“It is well known that injection of water or other fluids during the oil extraction and geothermal engineering, such as Shale gas, processes can result in earthquake activity.”
The BGS said the April tremor took place 1.2 miles (2km) away from the drilling site but said its monitoring instruments were 50 miles (80km) away.
“Instrumentation much closer to the site, as well as a detailed record of dates and times of injection are required to identify any relationship between the injection process and any seismic activity in future,” the BGS said.